The Traditional Tok Diagram Essay Example for Free

The Traditional Tok Diagram Essay The traditional TOK diagram indicates four ways of knowing. Propose the inclusion of a fifth way of knowing selected from intuition, memory or imagination, and explore the knowledge issues it may raise in two areas of knowledge. Our whole life is a continuous process of gaining information. This information is our basic knowledge about the world. It is coming in different forms, from different sources. And it is vitally important to store this information, in order to understand your own present. That is why I think people have a memory. My personal interpretation of memory is similar to a log-book. My experience is the notes I am writing in my life journey. Like memories, many of notes will eventually vanish, other will stay forever. But, is it possible for memory to function as a way of knowing (WOK)? Can I use my memory to gain knowledge about something? In TOK, I used to think that we cannot gain knowledge through memory, as it depended on WOKs as a source of knowledge. Memory is interpreted as storage for the gained knowledge and experience. However, is possible for WOKs themselves be depended on memory? My life, views and tastes are result of my past experience. So, it can be said that our reasoning is coming from analysis of previous experience and memory. In this essay, I will exploit reliability of memory as way of knowing and issues it may rise in areas of knowledge (AOK). We are living in building up our memory. It changes and vanishes like paintings. My first issues about memory were consisted in area of art. I thought how I our knowledge of the past influencing view on art? In the past, Shakespeare wasn’t famous in England. Only after decades his name became known to whole England, and now, he is standing among the greatest writers of all time. Same thing with me, I remember how I read Shakespeare poem once and I didn’t know who he was. It meant I didn’t have knowledge about him, so when I read it I didn’t like it that much. I thought it was too simple. However, when I studied about his past, his works and poems in school, my opinion about him changed. I updated my memory, thus knowledge about him and it changed my perspectives about his writing. Now when I see one of his poems, I automatically make a reason about this poem as a good piece of work before actually reading poem itself. So, can it be considered that memory is central WOK in art? What kind of connection between WOKs and memory? For example perception, e.g. seeing by itself is nothing than just lighting is interacting with eye. Use of memory helps to verify these â€Å"pictures† and classify them. Thus, our experience of the past helping us to understand the present. But, can we use memory as source of knowledge? For example, sculpture or drawing in art. Painter should have some information about an object that he wants to draw, as for making sculpture you need to memorize body forms. From all WOKs, reason is mostly depended on memory, as we can’t make decisions without using our past memory. Here is another issue arising. How somebody can propose knowledge claims without using a memory? Can I make a logically correct reason without using previous information that already stored in my head? This is a tricky part about memory being a WOK. It is assumed that memory is depended on other WOKs and knowledge stored in memory gained by traditional WOKs, e.g. perception. However, use of these four WOKs imply help of memory, we always use our previous experience in understanding present. Memory is connecting new knowledge to information from our past experience, so items are stored in relation to each other and their meaning coming from the knowledge which they are associated with. This is why for instance thinking about ocean, fish, danger and blood automatically pops shark into my conscious mind. Better example for that claim will be Gestalt Theory. It is based on pictures of different shapes which are forming different elements or things. Whole process is depended on point of your personal view, mainly memory that will trigger from seeing those forms. Famous example of this theory will picture of young lady and old woman. Both of images are correct, but knowledge we get from these shapes are different. It shows significance of using of memory. We see different relations to our memory, thus different pictures. Brain is not interested in storing exact copies, it interested in storing information and it distils and organizes this information for future use. We continually update information in circles. But, sometimes it creates bags in our brain. Example for that will be testimony; there is a lot of evidence of false decisions in courts. Memory influenced by our eyewitness and WOKs is giving us incorrect information. By now, I assumed memory as a depended element of gaining knowledge. But, can role of memory be considered as independent source of knowledge, while other WOKs are depending on it? Consider this knowledge claim. Good example for that can be shown in Human science area. Specifically in performance of football player on TV program called â€Å"Tested to the limit†. This player was tested in four categories: body strength, mental ability, technique and skill. In mental ability category, the coach was asked to give a corner kick to the player. However, as soon as the coach’s foot touched the ball, the lights went out. Player had to stroke in darkness. So, in TOK terms it meant that football player should use only his experience in order to make a reason of the ball flight and succeed. His basic sources of knowledge like perception and language were eliminated. Thus, his memory played a key factor. However, I questioned myself â€Å"How football player can use his memory to reason without any precondition for using his past experience?† Memory wasn’t his initial source of knowledge. In the beginning, perception was used e.g. he saw how ball was kicked. Reading the body language and subconscious analyze of the ball flight is a result of memory which was triggered by perception. It shows how closely WOKs are interacting with memory. Although, it wasn’t initial knowledge, memory took role of basic source of knowledge. Reason was fully depended on memory experience, and produced as result of memory process. Football player succeeded, his subconscious ability has come from thousands of practice hours which filled his mind with so many permutations of game to tap in to. It is a same as you studying another subject, like learning a new language. You are basically building up experience, learning basic rules of grammar and vocabulary. Thus as you become more fluent in a language, you don’t think about it as much. Same with football player, his vast experience gives him inability to intuitively read the game. I could say memory and experience his main weapons in football. To conclude my essay, it is important to evaluate position of memory in theory of knowledge. As I said before, memory is very tricky concept, it is hard to tell, are the WOKs depended on memory or reverse. In my opinion memory is not a WOK. However it is already included in each of traditional WOKs, as it is playing role of connecting bridge between them. Memory is overlaid on top of each other. So, things you learnt make past information you remembered look little bit different. Our memory explains knowledge we gain and relates it to our experience. Role of memory is vital, but its power stored in its ability to be storage of our knowledge and experience, because these elements are base of our life.

Congestive Cardiac Failure With Digoxin Toxicity

Congestive Cardiac Failure With Digoxin Toxicity Contents (Jump to) Criterion-1 Causes, Incidences and Risk Factors of Congestive Cardiac Failure with Digoxin Toxicity: Comprehensive Understanding of the Disease on Patient and Family: Criterion-2 Signs Symptoms Pathophysiology Criterion-3 Drug Class Physiological Effect Criterion-4 Interventions-Rationales: Comprehensive Treatment of the Identified Condition: Supportive care Electrolyte abnormality management Bradycardia management Hemodynamic compromise management Ongoing monitoring and change of medicine CASE STUDY ON CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE WITH DIGOXIN TOXICITY Criterion-1 Causes, Incidences and Risk Factors of Congestive Cardiac Failure with Digoxin Toxicity: Digoxin toxicity caused by high levels of digitalis in the body. As in our case study Mrs. Sharon McKenzie, a 77 year old woman, used to take daily 250 mcg of digoxin, which is a very high dose for adult patients. Especially those, who are suffering from congestive cardiac failure, like our patient Mrs. Sharon McKenzie (Neo, et al, 2010). Body receives the therapeutic effect when it stores of 8 to 12 mcg/kg generally with minimum risk of toxicity in most patients with failure of heart and normal sinus or breathing rhythm (Mangoni, 2010). People withheart failurewho have this digoxin are commonly prescribed medications called diuretics that remove excess fluid from the part of body. This is also happens that many diuretics can cause potassium loss from the body (Johnson, Inder, Nagle Wiggers, 2010). Though ultimately it increases the risk of digitalis toxicity. Again, our patient, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s potassium level is low; 2.5 mmol/l. whereas a normal potassium level ranges from 3.5-5.0 mmol/l. You are more likely to fall into that condition if you take digoxin, digitoxin, or other digitalismedicinesalong with the higher effective drugs that interact withit such as flecainide, quinidine, amiodarone, verapamil, and others. Similarly, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s was also taking medication with digoxin like furosemide, warfarin, and enalapril (Siabani, Leeder Davidson, 2013). In recent years the incidence of digoxin toxicity has dropped among patients in hospitals. A study has been done on 183 outpatients, who are receiving on going treatment of digoxin toxicity at 10 urban and rural Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the Rocky Mountain region, to evaluate whether a similar decline of digoxin toxicity has occurred or not. The statistics over 1-year period, of that study is like that: Out of the 183 patients: 50 (27.3%) had one or more risk factors for digoxin toxicity. Serum digoxin levels were elevated in 13.6% of patients. Hypokalemia in 14.3%. Elevated creatinine levels in 17.9%. And possible drug interactions in 5.5% of patients. The most common risk factor of digoxin toxicity is the patient’s elderly age. Like in our case study, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is also 77-year old woman. However there are other risk factors too, which render the elderly more vulnerable to digoxin toxicity. These contain an age-related decline in renal function and a decrease in volume of digoxin distribution. There is also an increase in the number of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which heightens vulnerability to digoxin toxicity. Comprehensive Understanding of the Disease on Patient and Family: Digoxin toxicity is a life-threatening condition, and when a serious disease like congestive cardiac failure caused by digoxin toxicity then it can impact severely in a bad way on a patient as well as his/her family (Betihavas, 2011). Due to which his/her family also suffer by seeing their loved one mentally disturbed. Often the patients with CHF who are depressed or who lack social support, the higher the support from the social side the higher the rate of healing as the family and the patient both in complex and double trouble. Criterion-2 Signs Symptoms Pathophysiology Severe ventricular arrhythmias: Sudden cardiac death and loss of consciousness are the basic signs and symptoms of the cardiac arrhythmias. Complaints such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fluttering, dizziness, and pounding, chest discomfort, quivering, shortness of breath, and forceful or painful fast beats are commonly reported with arrhythmias patients. Often, patients notice arrhythmias only after checking their peripheral pulses (Mudge, et al, 2010). The pathogenesis of the arrhythmias falls into one of two basic mechanisms: increased or covered up automaticity, triggered activity, or re-entry. Triggered activity occurs when early after depolarization and delayed after depolarization initiate spontaneous multiple depolarization, precipitating ventricular arrhythmias (Johnson, Inder, Nagle Wiggers, 2010). Arrhythmogenesis is probably the most common procedure and results from re-entry. It causes the change of state of mind and mood too. 2) Hyperkalemia: Higher potassium rate in your blood can affect how your heart works. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Abnormal heart rhythm arrhythmia that can be life-threatening Slowheart rate Weakness (Neo, et al, 2010) Hyperkalemia may result from an increase in total body potassium secondary to imbalance of intake vs. excretion or from misdistribution between intra- and extracellular space (Nanda, 2009). 3) Hypokalemia: Usually symptoms of low potassium are mild Weakness, tiredness, or pain in arms or legs muscles, sometimes this might be so severe to cause inability and disability to move arms or legs due to weakness of muscles (much like a paralysis) (Hughes Crowe, 2010) Tingling or numbness Nausea or vomiting Abdominal cramping, bloating Constipation Palpitations (feeling your heart beat irregularly) Urine passing rate is too high simultaneously feeling thirsty mostly (Neo, et al, 2010). In the heart, low potassium levels make the myositis hypo-polarized or hyper excitable. Thus, arrhythmia occurs as a result of the atrium’s lowered membrane potential due to recovery from inactivation of the Na channel, which may trigger an action potential. In addition to this, reduced potassium in the extracellular space inhibits the IKr potassium current activity, and ventricular depolarization is delayed, which thereby promotes reentrant arrhythmias (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). 4) Neurologic Symptoms: In the identified condition, the patient may also go through with neurologic symptoms which are: Visual disturbances, disorientation, and confusion.You might experience confusion. Although rare, you might also see bright spots, have blurry vision, or experience blind spots. In addition, you might urinate much more or less than usual (Betihavas, 2011). Your body could also become swollen. The physiologies of neurological symptoms are not easy to judge and too complex and our getting of them are incomplete mostly. From an evolutionary perspective it is easy to judge the neurological symptoms. Though it makes sense that the genuine physiologies of neurological symptoms are intricate and interrelated (Courtney, et al, 2009). 5) Sinus Node Dysfunction: Sinus node dysfunction refers to a number of conditions causing physiologically inappropriate atrial rates. Symptoms may be minimal or include weakness, effort intolerance, palpitations, and syncope. Diagnosis is by ECG. Symptomatic patients require a pacemaker. Sinus node dysfunction includes inappropriate and misbalancing the sinus bradycardia, alternating bradycardia and atrial tachyarrhythmia, sinus pause or arrest, and sinoatrial exit block (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). SND also causes the abnormalities in SN impulse formation and propagation that also causes abnormalities in the atrium and in the conduction system of the heart (Higgins, et al, 2013). Slow ventricular rates and pauses at the time of stress is the general causes, furthermore, it includes following: Fatigue Angina Syncope Dizziness Fall Confusion Heart failure symptoms and palpitations Criterion-3 Drug Class Physiological Effect Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors cause blood vessels broadness, further descent the amount of work the heart has to do they may also have direct beneficial effects on the heart. These drugs are reducing the symptoms and the need for hospitalization moreover they are helpful to prolong life (Mudge, et al, 2010). Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers drugs lower down the heart rate and block excessive blockage in the heart. They also helpful in the heart disease. These drugs are usually used with ACE inhibitors and provide an added benefit. They may temporarily worsen symptoms but result in long-term improvement in heart function (Betihavas, 2011). Although ACE inhibitors improve outcome in patients with systolic dysfunction, many patients with hypertension experience congestive heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction related to left ventricular hypertrophy. ACE inhibitors have been shown to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.A meta-analysis of the effects of several antihypertensive agents suggested that ACE inhibitors were the most effective agent in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy (Katz Konstam, 2012). Beta blocker is helpful in improving the function of the failing LV and need to prevent or reverse progressive LV dilation, sphericity, chamber and hypertrophy. Beta blockers also lower down the heart beating rate and LV wall stress. According to recent studies from laboratories have also proven that beta blockers can satisfy cardiomyocyte apoptosis in HF. These are the basic advantages and benefit of beta-blocker for the patient of heart at any higher stage (Katz Konstam, 2012). Criterion-4 As a registered nurse, my care plan for a patient suffering from Congestive Cardiac Failure with digoxin toxicity would be like, (Driscoll, et al, 2009) Interventions-Rationales: I realize that I would hold the medication Due to possibility of toxicity Wait for Electrolytes and digoxin test, as these tests were already ordered for our patient electrolytes can affect the action of dig and cause dysthymias and to find out the level of dig Monitor I O monitoring for renal function Monitor for edema and auscultator the lungs Monitor symptoms, VS S/E of dig toxicity Call the doctor. To get orders to carry out interventions and inform doctor Start an IV. For administration of medications (Mudge, et al, 2010). Comprehensive Treatment of the Identified Condition: The main goal of treatment is to correct cardiac toxicity.If the person has stopped breathing, as our patient Mrs.Sharon McKenzie confronting with shortness of breath, startCPRand get emergency medical help (Betihavas, 2011). Initial treatment includes: General supportive care Discontinuation of digoxin therapy and prevention of further exposure Administration of digoxin-specific antibody fragments (digoxin immune Fab) Treatment of specific complications: for example, dysrhythmias and electrolyte abnormalities (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). Supportive care General supportive care includes attaching patients to a cardiac monitor, providing IV fluids in patients with hypotension or volume depletion (with caution for patients with CHF), supplemental oxygen, and/or repletion of electrolytes in patients with electrolyte abnormalities (Mudge, et al, 2010). Electrolyte abnormality management In case of Mrs. Sharon McKenzie, hyperkalemia is only corrected (e.g., with insulin/glucose) if it is considered life-threatening, because of the risk of producing hypokalemia, because her potassium level is low i.e. 2.5 mmol/l. One study showed that insulin interacts directly with Na(+)/K(+) ATPase pump and alters the effect of digoxin (Betihavas, 2011). This supports the finding that for patients with diabetes, insulin has been shown to have cardio protective effects after digoxin intoxication. Calcium is not used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with suspected digoxin toxicity as it may induce arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. Bradycardia management As Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s ECG report showed sinus bradycardia, this will be treated with atropine. Atropine can be given every 3 to 5 minutes until there is a response or the 3 mg maximum dose is reached (San Miguel, et al, 2013). Hemodynamic compromise management As Mrs. Sharon McKenzie has signs of hemodynamic insufficiency and/or compromise (e.g., hypotension, altered consciousness or dizziness), digoxin immune Fab is given as primary management (Mudge, et al, 2010). Ongoing monitoring and change of medicine Ideally, digoxin is discontinued and a different medicine for rate control or a different inotrope prescribed (for AF, atrial flutter or CHF, respectively). If the patient has to remain on digoxin for some reason, then the dose of digoxin is adjusted for the patients medication profile (Edgley, Krum Kelly, 2012). Referencing: Jeon, Y. H., Kraus, S. G., Jowsey, T., Glasgow, N. J. (2010). The experience of living with chronic heart failure: a narrative review of qualitative studies. BMC health services research, 10(1), 77. Hughes, J., Crowe, A. (2010). Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of digoxin and its metabolites by macrolide antibiotics. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 113(4), 315-324. Mangoni, A. A., Woodman, R. J., Gaganis, P., Gilbert, A. L., Knights, K. M. (2010). Use of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ steroidal antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ inflammatory drugs and risk of incident myocardial infarction and heart failure, and allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cause mortality in the Australian veteran community. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 69(6), 689-700. Siabani, S., Leeder, S. R., Davidson, P. M. (2013). Barriers and facilitators to self-care in chronic heart failure: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 320. Courtney, M., Edwards, H., Chang, A., Parker, A., Finlayson, K., Hamilton, K. (2009). Fewer Emergency Readmissions and Better Quality of Life for Older Adults at Risk of Hospital Readmission: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Week Exercise and Telephone Followà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Up Program. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(3), 395-402. Nanda, A., Chen, M. H., Braccioforte, M. H., Moran, B. J., D’Amico, A. V. (2009). Hormonal therapy use for prostate cancer and mortality in men with coronary artery disease–induced congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction. Jama, 302(8), 866-873. Edgley, A. J., Krum, H., Kelly, D. J. (2012). Targeting Fibrosis for the Treatment of Heart Failure: A Role for Transforming Growth Factorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ÃŽ ². Cardiovascular therapeutics, 30(1), e30-e40. Betihavas, V., Newton, P. J., Du, H. Y., Macdonald, P. S., Frost, S. A., Stewart, S., Davidson, P. M. (2011). Australias health care reform agenda: Implications for the nurses’ role in chronic heart failure management. Australian Critical Care, 24(3), 189-197. Mudge, A., Denaro, C., Scott, I., Bennett, C., Hickey, A., A Jones, M. (2010). The paradox of readmission: effect of a quality improvement program in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 5(3), 148-153. Johnson, N. A., Inder, K. J., Nagle, A. L., Wiggers, J. H. (2010). Attendance at outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: is it enhanced by specialist nurse referral. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(4), 31-37. Higgins, R., Navaratnam, H. S., Murphy, B. M., Walker, S., Worcester, M. U. M. U. (2013). Outcomes of a chronic heart failure training program for health professionals. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(7), p68. Driscoll, A., Davidson, P., Clark, R., Huang, N., Aho, Z. (2009). Tailoring consumer resources to enhance self-care in chronic heart failure. Australian Critical Care, 22(3), 133-140. Neo, J. H., Ager, E. I., Angus, P. W., Zhu, J., Herath, C. B., Christophi, C. (2010). Changes in the renin angiotensin system during the development of colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC cancer, 10(1), 134. Katz, A. M., Konstam, M. A. (2012).Heart failure: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical management. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. San Miguel, J. F., Sonneveld, P., Orlowski, R. Z., Moreau, P., Rosià ±ol, L., Moslehi, J. J., Richardson, P. G. (2013). Quantifying the risk of heart failure associated with proteasome inhibition: a retrospective analysis of heart failure reported in phase 2 and phase 3 studies of bortezomib (Btz) in multiple myeloma (MM).Blood,122(21), 3187-3187

Analysis of Oh, my love is like a red, red rose, by Robert Burns Essays

Robert Burns has created many magnificent poems but the most charming, is â€Å"Oh, my love is like a red, red rose†. This poem is the essence of all his artistic creativity. He has a particular merit because relying on folklore and the dialect of his country; he created a modern art that does not only belong to the culture of his country but all over the world culture. With his genius, Burns fascinates the reader by transforming Scottish folk songs into marvelous poems. With sweet music in his heart, the poet-speaker writes about a young woman who he loved beyond measures. On the background of amazing music, Robert Burns, plants a red, red rose on the heart of the reader. It looks like this lyric is written by a shaking pen that is not under Burn’s command but under a magic power of an emotional vibration, which sources automatically from an exquisite sense of spirituality. Without such vibration, Burns could not choose any word to create his immortal lyric. The secret s of this fascinating lyric can be detected in the light of a literary analysis of four stanzas, and the literary interpretation of every gleaning word. The often-used first line makes the reader more familiar with poem. The speaker's love is expressed through two similes; his love is compared to â€Å"a red, red rose† and â€Å"the melody† (1, 3). The speaker echoes his sentiments by reinforcing two above similes with the phrases â€Å"That’s newly† and â€Å"That’s sweetly† (2, 4). Obviously, the color "red" is a symbol of passionate love and used in the form of alliteration such â€Å"a red, red rose† it shows how strong is the speaker’s feeling (1). Its appeal over time and comparison with the loved woman gives the reader the possibility to discover the speaker’s pleasant ways on art... ...essly is distinguished that Burns brings to the reader a breathing red, red, rose that disperse its aroma in air of Scotland of that time. In addition, it is easy to see that Burns admires the folklore of his country, and classic writer and with an innate realism and so sweet melody becomes one the best representative of naturalism and romance. A detailed literary analyze shows how the word choose, rhythm and a figurative languages are used skillfully in closed form to create a masterpiece. These elements of literary analyses and Burns ideas make him belong to extraordinary school of romanticism. Work Cited Burns Roberti. â€Å"Oh, my love is like a red, red rose† Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Compact 7th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011.818. Print.

Characterization in The Remains of the Day :: The Remains of the Day

Characterization in The Remains of the Day    The Remains of the Day is a book that believes in defining its characters to remarkable detail. Even minor characters are brought to life, using a variety of methods; some subtle, others more overt. This essay will discuss the entire novel - just the first eight pages. Many novels would still only be setting the scene at this point but, with The Remains of the Day, many of the main characters have already been described in a fair amount of detail. Creating detailed and believable characters is usually a key factor in a book's success. If a story contains rich, fleshed-out characters, readers will be able to understand and empathise with them, so becoming more enveloped by the narrative and, consequently, more enjoying the book. There are, of course, exceptions; in some cases characters are left deliberately vague so as to increase the atmosphere surrounding them, for example. However, The Remains of the Day is a book which believes in defining its characters to remarkable detail. Even minor characters are brought to life, using a variety of methods; some subtle, others more overt. This essay title does not refer to the whole novel, though - just the first eight pages. Many novels would still only be setting the scene at this point but, with The Remains of the Day, many of the main characters have already been described in a fair amount of detail. There are, generally, two methods of characterization. One involves merely stating character traits (along the lines of "the man was arrogant and obnoxious†¢ - note that this is an example and not a quote from the text), a method which Ishiguro does not use in great abundance. He much prefers to reveal character information in more subtle and oblique ways, often through their actions and words. This allows readers to judge characters partly for themselves, without having them explicitly prejudged by the writer. The character of Stevens is unique amongst the others in the novel, as it is written from a first-person perspective and he is the narrator. Ishiguro uses a wide variety of techniques to develop Stevens' character during the first eight pages. The very fact that the novel has a first-person narrative is significant. This usually allows readers to know and understand more about the narrator's character, as the text is ?written' by him. Characterization in The Remains of the Day :: The Remains of the Day Characterization in The Remains of the Day    The Remains of the Day is a book that believes in defining its characters to remarkable detail. Even minor characters are brought to life, using a variety of methods; some subtle, others more overt. This essay will discuss the entire novel - just the first eight pages. Many novels would still only be setting the scene at this point but, with The Remains of the Day, many of the main characters have already been described in a fair amount of detail. Creating detailed and believable characters is usually a key factor in a book's success. If a story contains rich, fleshed-out characters, readers will be able to understand and empathise with them, so becoming more enveloped by the narrative and, consequently, more enjoying the book. There are, of course, exceptions; in some cases characters are left deliberately vague so as to increase the atmosphere surrounding them, for example. However, The Remains of the Day is a book which believes in defining its characters to remarkable detail. Even minor characters are brought to life, using a variety of methods; some subtle, others more overt. This essay title does not refer to the whole novel, though - just the first eight pages. Many novels would still only be setting the scene at this point but, with The Remains of the Day, many of the main characters have already been described in a fair amount of detail. There are, generally, two methods of characterization. One involves merely stating character traits (along the lines of "the man was arrogant and obnoxious†¢ - note that this is an example and not a quote from the text), a method which Ishiguro does not use in great abundance. He much prefers to reveal character information in more subtle and oblique ways, often through their actions and words. This allows readers to judge characters partly for themselves, without having them explicitly prejudged by the writer. The character of Stevens is unique amongst the others in the novel, as it is written from a first-person perspective and he is the narrator. Ishiguro uses a wide variety of techniques to develop Stevens' character during the first eight pages. The very fact that the novel has a first-person narrative is significant. This usually allows readers to know and understand more about the narrator's character, as the text is ?written' by him.

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen :: English Literature

To understand the meaning of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the whole script. To go deeper into the meaning we used our own drama abilities to explore. To understand the meaning of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen we read the whole script. To go deeper into the meaning we used our own drama abilities to explore. We used Hot-Seating, Collages, and Still Image. All of these three things helped me understand the meaning of the play and explore the characters further. The script does not tell me everything I need to know, a lot of things are hidden, and techniques are needed to protrude facts. When you begin to understand the play you begin to appreciate what a fantastic play writer Ibsen actually is. We used Hot Seating at first in the exam. The teacher would say a character and the stage the character is at in the play. The character I have chosen to analyse is Nora. Vicki played Nora in Hot-Seating. We all asked her questions to see how she answered her. This helped a lot as we were finding things out about Nora that are not bluntly stated in the script. For example we find out why she has macaroons and how it builds up tension. When Vicki was being Nora it made me realise what Ibsen was doing with the Macaroons. He was building up tension bit by bit. The macaroons were showing the reader of the play that Torvald had some kind of control over Nora and that she had a disobedient side to her. It showed us she would lie to Torvald. Throughout the play this enhances and evolves into something much bigger. Nora has lied to Torvald and this time it is much more serious than macaroons. She has betrayed him and it is close to him finding out. The macaroons were Ibsen's way of showing me that Nora was devious and could undermine Torvald and then it transforms into something much bigger. The reader knows this could happen but when it does it shocks. To show me what I said above someone asked the question "Would you ever lie to Torvald?" Vicki helped me understand that towards the end Nora begins to realise she does not love Torvald and that she decides to leave him. This showed me that Torvald could NOT stop her and shows me how sexism has collapsed socially. Ibsen is trying to show how bad sexism is in this play. , Using Nora and Torvald. I Played Mrs Linde in Hot-Seating, it helped me also being in he position.

Kite Runner Essay Essay

Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner has many themes that are significant. This book also has themes that are hidden to the reader, to find these themes the reader needs to think about the events that occur in the book. In this book redemption, discrimination, and violence play a big role in the events in this book. Redemption is one of the most important themes in the kite runner. Throughout the story, Amir is trying to redeem himself because of many events that he was a part of. In the begging of the story Rahim Khan calls Amir and tells him â€Å"There is a way to be good again.† (Page 2) Putting this in the first chapter of the story tells the reader many things about Amir, it could tell us that Amir has done many things that he regrets, or he has done things that caused pain to someone else. Amir’s mother dies when she is giving birth to him, throughout the story Amir tries many different things to redeem himself to his father. When Amir wins the kite competition he thinks that he would finally redeem himself for his mothers death. Amir thinks that he redeems himself because â€Å"A smile played down on my father’s lips. He opened his arms† (Page 79) When someone does this someone will automatically think that you redeemed yourself to that person. Another event that Amir does that he redeems himself for later is when he blackmails Hassan. Amir’s father gives him a watch and Amir decides to put it under Hassan’s pillow. Later when Amir’s father finds out that he took his watch he forgives him, but Ali (Hassan’s father) says that they make the decision to leave. To the near end of the book, when Amir goes back to Afghanistan, he receives a letter from Hassan. The letter tells him that he (Hassan) died, and that he has a son that it taken by the Taliban. Amir tells Farid (The person who takes Amir around in Afghanistan) about Sohrab, and he tells him â€Å"You have a visa to go to America, to life with me and my wife. It’s true. I promise† (Page 355) When Amir found out that he lost his best friend he went through a lot of trouble to get Sohrab. Amir could have avoided this if he did not frame Hassan. If Amir did not frame Hassan, Hassan and Ali could have fled the country with Amir and his father. This event has a big impact on the events in the story. Without these examples of redemption, it is hard to picture the book ending in the way that it did. Along with many other themes, discrimination is one of the less discussed themes in this book. In my opinion I think that discrimination should be a theme that should be as important as any other theme. Discrimination plays a big role in the kite runner because of the structure of the social classes. In the begging of the story we know that Hassan is Amir’s Hazara but later we know that he is Amir’s brother. When Amir won the kite competition Hassan went to get the winning the kite. Hours had passed and Hassan did not show up. Amir goes looking for him and he asks Omar (only involved in one paragraph) if he saw Hassan, Omar answers him by saying â€Å"Your Hazara?† (Page 68) without saying more than two sentences, we can see that people in the class with Hassan are treated with no respect and they are called Hazaras. Another event that happens when Hassan finally finds the kite that allowed Amir to win the competition he is surrounded by Assef and his gang. Assef is one of the biggest discriminators towards Hazaras as he is intimidating Hassan, he says, â€Å"A loyal Hazara, Loyal as a dog† (Page 72) When Hassan said this he could of compared Hassan to something else, but he picked a dog to show the most disrespect towards Hassan. In my own opinion I think that discrimination towards Hazaras in Kabul is horrible because they are treated as if they are a different race of people. Hazaras have the exact physical features as any average human being but they are treated like they are slaves. This is how discrimination, which is one of the themes that is not talked about a lot, is significant in this book. Violence is also one of the themes that are not discussed as much, violence should be because it is important and it is hidden. There are many examples that show violence in the book. One of the examples that show violence is when Hassan gets raped when Assef and his gang surround him. The author does not tell the reader that Hassan got raped but instead he makes Wali, one of the members of Assef’s gang, tell Assef â€Å"My father says it’s sinful† (Page 75) This is a indirect message to inform the reader that Hassan gets raped. This is one great example that violence plays a big role in the process of this book. Assef could of threated Hassan instead of raping him. In my opinion I think that he could not have done something that wasn’t related to violence. Assef wanted to have his revenge on Hassan but it was hard to do something that has nothing to do with violence. Later on in the book, when Amir and Hassan do not talk to each other after Hassan got raped for him over a kite. Hassan asked if he could go under the pomegranate tree and let Amir read a story for him. When Amir and Hassan were under the pomegranate tree, Hassan asked Amir what he was doing wrong so he could stop, Amir told him that Hassan should stand up for himself. Hassan did not answer and Amir started to throw pomegranates on Hassan, Amir then told him â€Å"Hit me back! Hit me back goddamn you† (Page 92) this is another great example that shows the violence that is included in the book. Hassan is the most loyal person in the book and Amir does not appreciate it; instead Amir wants Hassan to hit him with a pomegranate. When Hassan stands up, he then smears a pomegranate on his face and walks away. This is how violence plays a theme in the book. It is not as visible as the other themes in the book but it is as significant as the other themes. Redemption, discrimination, and violence are themes in Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner that play a big role in the book. Without these three themes it is hard to picture if the book would end up the way that it actually ended up being. Quotes and Information taken from â€Å"Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini

Automotive Service Essay

The career that I have literally chosen is the automotive service technician and mechanics career. The reason why I chose this career it’s because†¦ Well actually I have plenty and many reasons to choose from because I am very passionate about this career and I have lived through it my entire life. One reason is that Auto Mechanics is because to me it’s an interesting field to me. I decided to explore the topic a little more to get a better understanding of what it would take to become a successful automotive technician . I have lived through the auto mechanics field pretty much all through my life. Well actually since I have been born. The reason of this is very simple. That is because my very own dad is an auto mechanic himself. Well actually to be more exact, he owns his own auto mechanic shop. Since I was little I have always helped him at his work because I have always enjoyed working with vehicles. Since the very first day that I started working with him I already knew that the automotive field was the job for me. Since I was a baby my very own parents use to tell me that I would disappear out of their sight. And when they used to find me I used to be playing with the tools besides my dad helping him out. I have pretty much made my mind up about actually going further in this career. Not only because I actually enjoy doing that job but also because of the pay check that you receive. Well actually that is a bonus in it. It does matter to me the money that you earn in it but not as much as I like doing the activity of interacting and working with automobiles. I have faith in me that one day I am not only going to fix cars, but I am also going to own my own shop myself. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an auto mechanic is a technician that inspects, maintains and repair automobiles and light trucks that run on gasoline, electricity or other types of kinds of fuels, like for example ethanol. Auto mechanics play a very important role in maintaining and keeping vehicles up and running not only correctly and normal but also efficiently. The field of auto mechanics reveals a pretty long history. Specialized schooling education and a strong career objectives for anyone that would like to choose this field as a career. There are certain types requirements or abilities that you supposed or have to get or have in order to become an auto mechanic technician. A student can get the basics of automobile repair by taking a vocational class in high their high school time. The course is not really considered training but it gives you a basic information and knowledge of what an actual auto mechanic does. To be considered and known as a qualified auto mechanic technician you will have to complete and finish training at a post secondary school or a community college. Many post secondary schools for graduates have six months to one year of strong , helpful needed intense training. The community college most of the time offers an associate degree for this field and it most of the time takes about two years to complete the coursework and other things necessary. With this kind of type of training you are getting the most up to date training that you will indeed need when you are using with computer systems to detect problems with cars, like for example electrical problems that you can not fix your self without the help of an electronic computer. Another form of training involves you with working as an apprentice to a master technician. This type of fields is pretty much like a helper to the main technician in other words.. When all the formal training is completed and done, the mechanic is considered as a certified They will receive a very own ASE certification. This stands for Automobile Service Excellence certification. The Bureau of Labor statistics suggests and shows that individuals who live in large cities should get certified that says ASE to help them with their search for jobs. This will provide them with a better chance of actually acquiring the job. An auto mechanics basic job function is performed in some type of repair shop. Many mechanics work pretty much around forty hours per week. That is the estimate time of duty hours. In addition to their working time, they also make pretty good money. The median wage salary earnings of automobile technicians and mechanics, including commission, were about $16. 24 in may 2006. And the middle 50 percent is between $11. 96 and $21. 56 per hour. And last but not least the lowest ten percent earned less than $9. 17 and the highest ten percent earn $27. 22 per hour. The person that I interview for this project was my very own dad. His full name is Herminio garcia. His profession is an automotive technician. His place of employment is the boss and owner of an auto mechanic shop. He has been working in this career for about fifteen years. When I asked Mr. Leal how much money I expected to make at the start of my career he told me between ten dollars to 20 dollars an hour. He said it was not a lot but that he enjoyed working with cars and also liked putting smiles on peoples faces. He also told me that the working conditions in that specific field was kind of hard because is a lot of physical work. This lead me to ask him if there were plenty of jobs available in this field and he said that there were because cars will keep needing maintenance for e long time to come. When I ask him about the benefits of this career I did not get that enthusiastic because he told me u really did not get any unless u had car allowance and maybe some medical care. So then we started talking about traveling but he said that traveling had nothing to do with this field. That you stay in one particular spot or place like a shop or garage to fix cars. Another questions that I asked him was about the hours and how they were like. He told me that the average hours he worked a week was about 40 and that’s not a lot . So then we started talking about family and if there was anytime for them and he told me that I would not have a problem with that, that I would have plenty of time with my family to spent and that put a smile on my face. However, then I asked him if there were any dangers associated with this job and he told me that yes, that there were plenty of risk associated with this job because of the chemicals that you had to deal with and the tools etc. Now that did not leave me very happy. When I ask him about any additional skills and course work associated with this job he told me that yes you will need the most skills, course work and experience you can get to work in this field. He told me that it was really not difficult to get a job in this area because cars always needed maintenance. When I finally made my last question and ask him what advice would he give to some one like me to better prepare me for the challenges of this career, he gave me a very short answer but with a lot of meaning â€Å"Stay in school†.